If the North Were the South, Same Thing Essay Example for Free

If the North Were the South, Same Thing EssayRicardo Arjona is one of the most renowned Latin American singers. He is characterized for his sociall(a)y conscious and heartfelt folk ballads and rock tunes. In addition, he in addition plays a variety of styles that combine traditional South American folk melody with rock, hip-hop, and classical music, Arjona sings about subjects ranging from faded love to social inequities. In 1996, Arjona wrote the song Si el Norte Fuera el Sur (If the North were the South), in which he expresses a subjective, yet truthful point of view of what the North American culture is and how it could change if we exchange places with the South. In this song, Arjona uses many literactully techniques such as irony and analogies Arjona also adds a type of hardcore rock and an interesting use of the electric guitar.There are many literally atoms that this song has, plainly the main element is the plot or theme of the song, which is pretty straight and to t he point. Si el Norte Fuera el Sur (If the North were the South)s main plot is a fib of how the North could experience all the social struggles that the South Americans countries have to deal with, if as the songs title suggest . Si el Norte Fuera el Sur (If the North were the South). The main plot is divided into three stages the first stage is the introduction, in which Arjona gives a subjective opinion of what the North really is all about. Then, he moves to the second stage or the body of the song during this stage Arjona mentions a series of intumesce known North American personages and situations that help him wee-wee his exchange of geography. Finally, the third stage or conclusion is when Arjona really say what the bottom line of all this is the fact that nothing will really change.Ricardo Arjona is well known for the rich content of literally elements in his lyrics, especially for the touch of irony and analogies. Con 18 eres un nio para un trago en algun bar, pero ya er es todo un guy cable pa la guerra y pa matar. (With 18, you are only a boy for a drink in some bar, but you are already a man to go to war and to kill), this is a perfect example of an irony of living in the United States, in which at the age of 18 you cannot legally drink, yet you are allow to receive combat training to kill someone.In the songs chorus, Arjona says al diablo la geografia se acabaron las fronteras (The sin with geography, there arent any borders left), the truth is that borders still exist, but he wasnt talking about a literally border Arjona used this doctrine of analogy to tell us that we are the same and that our geographic position doesnt mean anything.Ricardo Arjona with his unique style and use of musical instrument he has spue a type of hardcore rock rhythm, which is use to make an impression in his listener. In this song, Arjona utilizes an electric guitar, and a trumpet, with the drums on the back. The rhythm started slow tempo, but strong as if he was u pset with the ironies in the North. Then, the tempo began to run faster the drums and the trumpet were sort of creating an atmosphere of excitement, it makes you feel as if you were a Protestant of social inequalities. Finally, he concludes with a slow and heavy electric guitar melody, where he then stop for at least 3 seconds and concludes with the words Si el Norte fuera el Sur, seria la misma porqueria, yo cantaria un rap y esta cancion no existiria. (If the North were the South, it would have been the same crap, I would be singing a rap and this song wouldnt even exist).Referenceshttp//www.satyamag.com/may03/carter-long.htmlhttp//www.answers.com/topic/ricardo-arjona

Determining the identity of an organic unknown Essay Example for Free

Determining the identity of an organic unacknowledged EssayWhen supplied with a organic unknown there are m both ways of determining its identity and it is important to use as much inorganization as can be gained to perish out the identity of an unknown as many are very similar in corporeal properties, chemical properties and/or chemical make up. In this experiment I will be using a flow chart to identify the practicable host that the unknowns impart, and once I have suggested this I will then use spectra given to me to determine what the identity of the organic unknown is. I have been told that the organic unknown, will one of the spare-time activity functional groups Alcohols Probably the most common of these functional groups is the -OH group, which is known as the hydroxyl group. It is NOT the hydroxide ion, OH1-, as it does not have a charge. The dash in front of the OH stands for a single covalent bond, which is what will be formed among the oxygen and a carbon atom . An aliphatic hydrocarbon that has one hydroxyl group attached to a carbon is called an alcohol. The simplest alcohol is methyl alcohol, or methanol.The molecular formula is usually written as CH3OH, because it gives more of a picture of the veridical structure than does CH4O. This way of writing the formula becomes more important as the number of carbons increases. Take the case of ethyl alcohol, or ethanol. The parent compound is ethane, so the formula is C2H6O, but C2H5OH gives specific information that the compound is an alcohol and not any otherwise compound. Phenol Colourless(prenominal) solid, partially miscible in the glacial wet, soluble in organic solvents. Differ in many ways to aliphatic alcohols. Like alcohols contain -O-H group but also a benzol ring.The difficulty in substituting the -OH group is due to the stabilisation caused by the overlap of the p-orbital of the oxygen atom with the bonding in the ring. The situation is similar to that in chlorobenzene. Phen ols have many chemical properties i) Acid-base properties Phenol is a stronger acid than pissing whereas aliphatic alcohols are weaker. The polarity of the hydroxyl bond facilitates the loss of a proton and the formation of a phenoxide ion and the delocalisation in the phenoxide ion also stabilises it as compared with RO- or OH- ions.If electron-withdrawing groups (-Cl) are substituted into the benzene ring the polarity of the O-H bond is increased tacit further giving still stronger acids. Aldehydes A new class of substituted hydrocarbons arises when an oxygen atom is double bonded to the carbon at the end of the chain. In this case there are two less hydrogen atoms, so instead of tether end hydrogens, there is the C=O and only one hydrogen. The simplest aldehyde is, formaldehyde, CH2O. Its IUPAC name is methanal. It has an -al final stage as opposed to the -ol ending that alcohols have.These compounds show the generic formula, H-R=O. Ketones A different class of organic compou nds results if the C=O occurs more or lesswhere along the chain other than on the end carbon. The simplest ketone has three carbons. It has the common name acetone, and is in most fingernail polishes and removers. It is sometimes called dimethyl ketone, but is more properly called propanone. Break apart the name to see how the name propanone gives a better picture of the compounds formula than does acetone. First of all, the propan- indicates that the parent hydrocarbon is propane, and thus has three carbons.Second, the ending -one goes along with the ending of the name of the class of compounds to which it belongs, ketones. The generic formula for ketones is R-C=O(-R). carboxylic acids Carboxylic acids have a more complex functional group, and if you look at it, you can see both the C=O of the aldehyde and the -OH of the alcohol. The organic, or carboxyl group, is -C=O(-OH), often written as COOH, or even CO2H. Organic acids may have more than one carboxyl group. The simplest org anic acid is methanoic acid, CHOOH, or formic acid, to use the older name.Ants inject formic acid into their victim whem they bite them. The next in line is, of course, ethanoic acid, CH3COOH. Notice the ending, -oic, to the IUPAC name, and -ic, to the common name. There are some very important organic acids, and one of the most important is ascorbic acid, better known as Vitamin C. The generic formula is R-(COOH)x Why are these compounds acids? Well, they must be able to produce at least one hydrogen ion when they are put into solution, since that is the general definition for an acid.Even though these organic acids may contain quite a few hydrogen atoms in the molecule, only hold hydrogens are able to be ionized or turned into hydrogen ions. These select hydrogens are those in the carboxyl group (-COOH) The presence of one or more of these groups, therefore, causes the compound to belong to the organic acids. Ester An ester results when there is an oxygen atom between two carbons in the chain. The simplest is dimethyl ester, which has the same molecular formula as ethanol. The way the formula is written to show the ester, rather than the alcohol, is CH3OCH3.There are two other esters of interest, ethylmethyl ester and diethyl ester. You should be able to write the formulas for each of these. Esters are represented as R-O-R, where R and R can be the same or different hydrocarbon units. system Apparatus i 10 cm3 measuring cylinder i Teat pipette i streamlet tubes i Electric hotplate Reagents i bromine water i 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine i Tollens reagent i Aqueous sodium carbonate i Lime water i Acidified potassium dichromate Only diminished al-Qurans of the unknown compound need to be used in each test as they are in a pure form.Therefore I will only use 3cm3 of each reagent and the unknown compound. Test for presence of alcoholAn oxidation reaction must take place. Mix equal volumes (3cm3) of load up sulphuric acid and potassium dichromate solution. The n append the same volume of the unknown to it. If the solution turns from chromatic to green then a primary or secondary alcohol group is present. Test for presence of a carbonyl group A condensation reaction takes place. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution is added to the sample, if the solution turns into an orange precipitate then a carbonyl compound is present.Test to distinguish between a ketone and an aldehyde An oxidation reaction takes place. Add a small volume of sodium hydroxide solution to 3cm3 of silver nitrate solution until a slight precipitate forms, than add ammonia solution dropwise until the precipitate dissolves. Then add a few drops of the unknown sample and warm in a water bath. If a silver mirror forms, then the compound has an aldehyde functional group. Test for presence of carboxylic acid An acid / base reaction occurs. Aqueous sodium carbonate solution is added to the sample.If effervescence occurs and the gas evolved is carbon dioxide (test gas by bubbli ng into lime water) then a carboxylic acid group is present. Test for presence of phenol A substitution reaction occurs. Bromine water is added to the sample and if a phenol group is present then the bromine water decolourises and a white precipitate is formed. Test for ester group Esters have a distinct fruity smell. There is no simple test to carry out for identifying an ester, so I will determine the sample is an ester by cast out results from the previous tests.Saftey Safety is imperative when carrying out experiments in the lab, this is even more true when the identity of a compound is unknown as it could have any dangerous properties, gloves should be used when handling substances and goggles worn, long hair tied back and cuts covered. Flow chart Results of organic tests All organic tests turn up negative, apart from the test for an alderhyde although this test did not produce a silver mirror some dark precipitate was formed indicating the likeliness of the presence of an al dehyde. epitome of spectropic data Conclusion I conclude that the organic unknown is an aldehyde this is because of the results found from the chemical tests performed , the specific aldehyde I believe the unkown to be is benzaldehyde. This is because not only does its physical properties fit those described in text books it also has the right structural formula to fit with the spectropic data provided. benzaldehyde benzaldehyde or benzenecarbonal , C6H5CHO, colourless liquid aldehyde with a quality almond odour. It boils at 180iC, is soluble in ethanol, but is insoluble in water. It is formed by partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol, and on oxidation forms benzoic acid. It is called oil of bitter almond, since it is formed when amygdalin, a glucoside present in the kernels of bitter almonds and in apricot pits, is hydrolysed, e. g. , by crushing the kernels or pits and boiling them in water glucose and hydrogen cyanide (a poisonous gas) are also formed.It is also prepared by oxidati on of toluene or benzyl chloride or by treating benzal chloride with an alkali, e.g. , sodium hydroxide. Benzaldehyde is used in the preparation of certain aniline dyes and of other products, including perfumes and flavourings.Evaluation Overall I feel this experiment went very well as I was able to determine both the functional group present and then with the aid of specropic data the exact compound. I carried out the experiment safely following all guideline set in my method. The only test that could have been performed more accurately was the test for an alderhyde that did not produce a silver mirror.

Needs in Different Life Stages Essay Example for Free

require in Different Life Stages EssayNEEDS OF THE DIFFERENT life STAGESHuman call forNeeds lack of something that is required or desiredNeeds exist from birth to deathNeeds influence our behaviorNeeds have a priority statusMaslows hierarchy of needsMaslows hierarchy of needs( levels of need)Meeting NeedsMotivation to act when needs matteSense of satisfaction when needs metSense of frustration when needs not metSeveral needs can be felt at the same termDifferent needs can have different levels of intensityAltered PhysiologicalNeedsHealth care workers need to be aware of how disorder interferes with meeting physiological needs Surgery or laboratory testingAnxietyMedicationsLoss of vision or hearingAltered PhysiologicalNeeds (continued)Decreased sense of smell and tasteDeterioration of muscles and jointsChange in persons behaviorWhat the health care worker can do to assist the patient with altered needs SummaryBe aware of own needs and patients needsMore efficient and spirit ca re can be provided when know needs and understand motivations Better understanding of our behavior and that of othersSummaryRecognise that we are all different. Help them to friend themselves and become more independent.Everyone has a choiceTreat individuals with respect and dignity.Protect vulnerable individualsDifferent professionals are involved in careformal and casual care provisionSummaryOur five life stages are the early years, school age, young people in transition (from school to adult life), adults of workings age, and older people. For each life stage we have identified the outcomes that everyone would want for themselves at that stage in life.

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Esearch English Language Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using E chase English Language EssayAbstractThe calculate of this look into is going to evaluate the advantages of employ eSearch bug outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students. The seek is based on lists of writings review that refer to the pedantic pursuit locomotive or online encyclopedism resources acquiring. The primary look conducts by a uncertaintynaire. The ingest principal(prenominal)ly comes from students who discover at Nottingham Trent International College and try to distinguish out a suitable result. The sample size is twenty-eight student of NTIC. The findings unveil that the advantages of employ eSearch locomotive outweigh the disadvantages for the NTIC students. There were extreme 96% respondents have thought eSearch style is definitive for faculty member information acquiring. There were twenty-six respondents think the advantages of utilize eSearch engine outweigh the disadvantages. This finding may he lp students who study at NTIC to know and wasting disease the eSearch on the NTU website.IntroductionThis is a look for project report. It attempts to find out whatsoever significance about using schoolmanian search engine such eSearch on the NTU website. Probably, some NTIC students do not know what incisively function and action does eSearch has. Hopefully, the prospective finding may be a beneficial and helpful guidance for NTIC students.BackgroundThe development of information and communication engineering started from 1970s. In the past dickens decades, the employments based on information and communication technology has made great progress in actual applications. In this solar day and age, information and communication technology is developing rapidly. There be varieties of electronic applications based on the Internet and computer. For example, the search engine such as Google, that plays a in truth vital role in present behave, study, am rehearsement and everywhe re in life.However, for some academic interrogation area, general search engine is not very good for academic purpose (Golian, 2000). Accordingly, an academic search engine such as eSearch application of Nottingham Trent University (NTU) website come out. Students can obtain abundant academic resources and do the interrogation by this kind of web based software. Such academic search engines have became to a greater extent and more popular among numerous learning institutions.Hypothesis and Research ProblemIn terms of students of Nottingham Trent International College (NTIC), looking for a valid and reliable academic information resource is a very great thing for those who is doing a look into project or merely for an essay purpose. My hypothesis is that to work eSearch probably is a better way for students who would bid to obtain academic information resources. Therefore, my research question is that whether the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NT IC students or not.Aim and ObjectivesThis research result conduct by a questionnaire. The boilersuit aim of this research is intended to evaluate the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students. The outcome of this research impart be a guide of using the eSearch, especially for those who til now do not know what the eSearch application is. As for explicit objectives of this work, it will concentrate onTo find out what benefits of usage of eSearch has of value to NTIC students.To investigate why NTIC students use eSearch engine on NTU website.To indicate to what extend the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students.Literature ReviewIn point of fact, the eSearch is a web-based and academic search engine. The main purpose of this literature review is going to provide an overview that explores some evidence of primary research or book into the use of academic search engines, which will relate to the eSearch and selected res earch question area. The literature review is going to divide into two sections. At the first section, it will look at what advantages and disadvantages of use of academic search engine have been referred to and what is still not mentioned. At the second section, it will look at some actual use and relative reason that students use academic search engine.The advantages and disadvantages of the eSearchThe eSearch application can be used in the field of information gathering and subject research. There are some(prenominal) research finding shown that the use of academic search engine has advantages and disadvantages.Kruse (2004) argues that eSearch provides a fast and convenient way that learners obtain useful information resources. Ma (2006) agrees with him and he also indicates that the learning by eSearch can be life fourth dimension learning with the low cost. In fact, the essence of eSearch belongs to the scope of e-learning agreement. Holmes and Gardner (2006) argue that e-lea rning style based on web or other information and communication technology, the learners can learn what they want to learn by internet.Meanwhile, some finding also showed the disadvantages of use of academic search engine. Kruse (2004) considers that sometimes there are some technical issues that the possibility of obtaining wrong information when using eSearch application access to the resources, which will waste time. Moreover, Allen (2003) mentions that the e-learning system is faultiness, which lack of effective and collaborative learning and so much research research by e-learning way that results a pool performance.In spite of these literature mentioned are both advantages and disadvantages of using eSearch style, all finding are surface and general, which seems just about the way that ingests information by web based application like eSearch is good or bad. The scope of data collection is very broad. They did not focus on a special group and mention either advantages or dis advantages of using eSearch application that relate to students who want to obtain academic information resources, especially for those who want to know whether advantages of using eSearch to do a research project outweigh disadvantages among the NTIC. This seems like that more work need to do in this specific area.The practical use of eSearchAt present, the academic search engine as a common practice is likely playing vital role in a majority of learning institutions. On the one hand, Allen (2003) points that some(prenominal) students obtain information by using eSearch style be get it is more flexible and interesting for their learning. On the other hand, Allen also mentions that some students think that eSearch applicatons are boring, useless, a weak searching function that cannot access useful resources after they tried eSearch applications.In spite of that, the eSearch application is still play an active role on learning of research. In practical case, positive attitudes are m ore than negative attitudes (Burgess, 2007). It seems like that the development of information and communication technology lead to an inevitable outcome.However, their finding did not mention that how important or useful when using an eSearch application to do a academic research. Furthermore, due to eSearch style can get academic information resources validly and reliably, many libraries of learning institutions develop electronic library as an academic information research tool. Gibbons (2007) argues that the academic library is based on Web 2.0 with abundant academic information resources, which can simply search a book or other academic information.Meanwhile, Gibbons highlights that eSearch style provides wonderful possibility for students who live in the web generation. Nevertheless, all previous results just show obtaining academic information resources by eSearch style is recommended, plainly for NTIC students, there is no research finding to show that the advantages of us ing eSearch on NTU website outweigh disadvantages. Probably, this gap will be filled by this research.MethodologyThis section is going to state what research mode was choose for the data collection of this research and how to administer it. Research modeology is not only about what methods the study use, the logic behind the method is quite important as well and it also need to explain why the particular method was selected and why did not choose others (Kumar, 2008).Method of selective information CollectingA questionnaire that based on chosen topic area has been used for data collection. This is main and unique method of data collection this research used. Others like interview or observation have been considered, however, due to lack of times, those are complex method for this research. To use those way, which are harder to administer and probably will cost more time. Therefore, in order to collect suitable information immediately and efficiently. The questionnaire was chosen. To see how good the questionnaire done, which is a relatively appropriate way for the purpose that salt away useful information among students who study at NTIC.Questionnaire AdministeringThe questionnaire of this research was administered via both email and face to face way. These two ways are both work well. To deliver questionnaires via face to face way, it seems like an optimum approach to get the information of the research back. In fact, sometimes to ask questions and get says from others especially those who are stranger and do not know where do their answers going. They not only worry about the security of some privacy but also self-examining when face to a stranger. Forasmuch there is a little difficult via face to face way, in order to supply a deficiency, some questionnaires sent via email. The respondents randomly came from the email list of NTIC students.Description of QuestionnaireThere are thirteen questions in the questionnaire (appendix 1) and include two questi on types. Most of questions are list question. There were nine questions are list, which gave several or more choices for respondents. Other four questions are scale question, which provide different stages of scaling for respondents.There were four important questions out of thirteen on the questionnaire. They were numbers game 6, 7, 8 and 11 on the questionnaire. The most important question was number 11. The aim of this question was to indicate to what extend the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students. This question was asked because the answer may provide very useful information from NTIC students, which was concentrated on the research question area.Questionnaire PilotingThere were some worth the whistle information when the questionnaire was piloted. The questionnaire was given to thirty people. The people were students at NTIC. Among these thirty students, there were twenty-eight returned the questionnaire back. The twenty-eight respondents were from different levels at the NTIC. Why those two people who did not accept the questionnaire? The reason is that one of them had been answered too many questionnaire at the same time. Another one accepted the questionnaire by email but did not return it. Probably due to he has no enough time to do. Anyway, twenty-eight available questionnaires were available.In addition, some respondents mentioned that per questionnaire spent about time 3 minutes and the question type and layout of the questionnaire are acceptable. However, there were one person mentioned that there were one question is not appreciate for the data collecting about this research question. It was question 10. This question talked about lectures and trainings for the use of eSearch engine by NTU or NTIC. He thought this question is unnecessary because the research question is about equilibrate advantages and disadvantages. Why asking question about training. I have checked this question. I think this is a useful question because the answer is how essential eSearch trainings are. If most people think the eSearch training is essential, which means using eSearch is important. This answer could affect the final finding.Sampling StrategyIn order to turn tail out a significative finding from based on the research question, a sampling technique will be considered. The questionnaire was focus on students who study at NTIC. At the beginning of this research, the whole NTU was considered. However, this is too broad way to collect data for the research area. NTIC students as a representative of the NTU as a whole, they use the eSearch engine on the NTU website as well. To choose this group would be better than choose whole NTU, because the collected data is available for the chosen research area, and it is also easier to reach this group at different level then produce a good sample.Ethical ConsiderationsThe privacy issue had been considered. Indeed, a research problem based on human activities has been virtually involved in some ethical issues (Bernard, 2000). Furthermore, the trust issue is important as well. These issues will cause valid and reliable of data collected. Hence, an anonymous survey was adopted.Findings and DiscussionThis section is going to carry out findings for the research question. Following data analysis and watchword was based on the primary research.Figure 1 shows that there were twenty-eight NTIC students use online search engine to acquire information, which means all respondents were using online search engine although they were different majors and winning different programmes.It can be seen that there were twenty students use online search engine, who are taking ammonium alum fleece programme. There were five diploma students and cardinal root students use online search engine. It is clearly to see that graduate diploma students use online search engine were more than both diploma and foundation students. There is a strong possibility that g raduate diploma students who are preparing for the master course, which means their work need to do more research and then they searching online intended to acquire more information. Furthermore, we can see that diploma students more than foundation students, which probably due to the phase of diploma higher than foundation and they did more research than foundation. If so, it seems like that the result just demonstrated the previous speculation.As for business students, there were five students use online search engine to acquire information but there were no statistical figures refer to diploma and foundation students. It is likely not business students of taking diploma and foundation programme did not use online search engine but probably due to the questionnaire did not reached diploma and foundation group at business field.The top group of using online search engine was computing students. There were nine students responded yes in total. In comparison with media students, sta tistics were quite similar and just a little less than computing students. There were eight students responded yes in total. Most respondents belong these two groups. The possible reason is that they are both IT guys. Media students probably were a little bit weaker in computer and Internet operating skills.There were three students who taking law programme use online engine to acquire information and same number in other students group, which is the least statistics in this survey. There were two students are graduated diploma students, which have about 66% of total. Only one diploma student was marked. Maybe graduate diploma students need to do more research and then they use online search engine to acquire information.Totally, all respondents use online search engine to acquire information. Although the proportion of graduate diploma students is more than others, this is not the focus of the research project. The key finding from this figure is likely that everyone need to use on line search engine unheeding of what programme the student does. Therefore, there is a strong possibility that students could benefit more from using search engine to acquire information.This pie chart shown the proportion of different attitudes that how important to NTIC students is accessing academic learning resources by an eSearch engine. It can be seen that the rate of important is quiet high than others. Many NTIC students thought using eSearch engine accessing academic learning resources is important. The proportion reached 67%. This is the highest number. Probably these respondents use eSearch engine on the NTU website frequently because they think it is important for their learning.Meanwhile, there were 18% respondents think accessing academic learning resources by an eSearch engine is very important. Although the number is not in the top, it still reached the second. unite with the rate of thinking eSearch is important, which likely means there were majority of responde nts who prefer using eSearch engine to obtain academic learning resources.Regarding to others, the proportion of respondents who thinking the use of eSearch is slightly important has 11%. Maybe there are some technical issues leads to those who think eSearch is slightly important. Only 4% respondents think that is not important by eSearch engine to acquire academic learning resources. It seems they just do not care it instead of never use it.According to the figure 2, total 96% respondents have thought eSearch style is important for academic information acquiring. Merely the extent of importance of using eSearch displayed different levels. An realistic estimate would be that using eSearch on the NTU website to access academic learning resources is a important way for NTIC students who writing a academic essay or doing a research project. Further speculation would be that using eSearch superpower have more beneficial and helpful than without it.From figure 3 we can see the numbers o f respondents which balancing the advantages of using eSearch and disadvantages. It shows the rate which NTIC students think the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages by three different programme groups that include foundation, diploma and graduate diploma. There were total 17 graduate diploma students, five diploma students and six foundation students. Almost all respondents consider that the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students. There were only few thoughts (one graduate diploma students and one foundation students) of respondents between these two extremes. And there was nobody thinks the disadvantages of using eSearch outweght advantages.There were five graduate diploma students believe that using eSearch engine possess absolute advantages, the disadvantages could be ignored. There were one diploma and two foundation students who think the advantages of using eSearch is undoubted. This statistical range is not a uppermost bu t it shown nearly more than 28% of respondents who strongly affirmed the advantages of using eSearch. Maybe their feeling of dependence to the Internet is strong and seems they use eSearch frequently.There were cardinal respondents picked extent four, which means they agree with that the advantages of using eSearch engine outweigh disadvantages. This is not absolute but somewhat. These statistical numbers were more than half of total respondents. The numbers of graduate diploma students reached a peak at this range. There were eleven respondents choose somewhat advantages for using eSearch. Probable reason is that most respondents came from graduate diploma students just less numbers of respondents who taking other programme. Respondents who taking diploma and foundation programme have five people, which four were diploma students and three of were foundation students.Taking one with another, respondents who think absolute advantages eSeach has, the numbers raised about one-third o f total numbers of respondents. Adding the two together, there were twenty-six respondents think that the use of eSearch has advantages. This is an overwhelming majority. There is a strong possibility that most NTIC students recognized the advantages of using eSearch on the NTU website, which probably due to the use of eSearch is beneficial and helpful regardless the concerns.From description of statistics and discussion above, the research incessantly deepened. It first looked at the current circumstance of NTIC students using online search engine to acquire information. And then, it analysed the practical using of eSearch. Finally, it took the focus to whether the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages. This part had done its task and gradually unveil the answer of the research question.Conclusion and RecommendationsIn this research, the main finding was that most of the NTIC students who came from three different programme groups recognize that the advantages of u sing eSearch engine outweigh disadvantages.By the literature review, it has been found that many researchers or authors have had some different standpoint about using the online search engine such as eSearch is an important way to acquire academic information resources. Some people argued that academic search engines have clear advantages and using this way to access academic learning resources is an effective measure. Some disagree. Anyway, it can be understood because things always have advantages and disadvantages. This chiefly depends on which way can be looked firstly. Or depends on which area can be used in.Whatever which argument, it was only focus on a surface of using search engine or not even just describe the search engine as a product. There was no any findings been found, which focus on a particular area or learning groups. Come back to the research question of this study, the purpose of this research has been carried out. Eventually, the questionnaire unveiled this f inding. Most of respondents who came from NTIC gave distinct responses. They use online search engine as well as eSearch engine on the NTU website frequently.Furthermore, the main limitation of this research is limited method of data collecting. There were two reasons caused this limitation. On the one hand, there was no plenty of time to do more research. To design a comprehensive methodology that can be used in data collecting. Now, due to lack of time, the research just simply distributed questionnaire. There was no enough testing for reliableness and validity of data. If the time for researching is sufficient, respondents can be divided into different group. There were foundation, diploma and graduate diploma. More segmentation according to different major groups might be feasible.Particularly, the finding was displayed clearly on the graduate diploma students of the NTIC. It is likely to recommend those students who need to do more research and then they may use eSearch engine on the NTU website and benefit from it. They probably experienced the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages. Maybe it was truth already and everybody knows that but nobody to prove it. Therefore, the finding could be specific for those who want to use academic search engine to acquire useful information conveniently and effectively. In addition, it can be guidance toward NTIC students and especially for those who still do not what is eSearch.

Value Action Gap Outcomes Management Essay

Value Action Gap Outcomes Management Es pleadThe value- achieve wisecrack is a term use to describe the gap that enkindle occur when the value or attitudes of an fewbody do not correlate to their actions. More generally, it is the difference mingled with what peck say and what people do. This discrepancy is just about associated at bottom environmental geography, as usually attitudes affect carriage however the opposite frequently seems to be the grounds with devotion to environmental attitudes and conducts.The outcome is that at that place is a gap surrounded by the gamey value people place on the inwrought environment and the comparatively woeful level of action taken by individuals to counter environmental problems.( The outcome is that there is a disparity between the value placed on the natural environment and the level of action taken by individuals to counter environmental problems. )This disparity has been termed the value-action gap, or occasionally, it is r evivered to as the attitude-behavior gap (Kollmuss and Agyeman 2002).Therefore, it is not a change in attitudes that is required, but a fundamental shift in behavior towards the environment and individuals use of natural resources, to ensure sustainable development and conservation of the environment.Debates surrounding the termination of the value-action gap have mainly taken place within environmental and social psychology. Research is often based within cognitive theories of how attitudes be make and how this affects individuals behavior (Blake 1999). The research suggests that there are m whatever an an opposite(prenominal)(prenominal) internal and external factors that affect behavior and the reasons behind consumer choices. Therefore, it mint be difficult to identify the ingest reasons for why this gap survives, as it can be due to a number of reasons.When purchasing a production for example, many attributes are assessed when making decisions. Dickson (2000) suggests t hat the closely significant factors affecting the reasons behind buying behavior are price, quality, convenience, and brand familiarity. Young et al (2010) argue point out that the gap can besides be due to brand strength culture, finance habit lack of knowledge lifestyles personalities or, trading off between divergent ethical factors (p22). Therefore, environmental or ethical considerations are often not taken into account, regardless of attitudes people have regarding the environment. Time or convenience is usually a major clincher of consumer behaviour, and therefore a gap between value and behavior is understandable.Moreover, Chatzidakis et al (2007) argue that consumers use neutralisation techniques to justify pursuing their more selfish goals or else of purchasing environmental friendly or ethical products. Therefore, environmental determine are usually less dominant in the decision-making.Development of the subjectsummaryThe usual theories of reasoned action argue th at values and actions are related. The theory of reasoned action states that behavioral intention is dependent on attitudes surrounding that behavior and social norms (Fishbein and Ajzen 1975). This reckons that a person acts or behaves in a way that correlates to their attitudes towards that behavior. Therefore, a persons voluntary behavior can be predicted by his/her attitudes and values on that behavior (Kaiser et al 1999). Homer and Kahle (1988) argue that attitudes influence behaviors and therefore values can explain the reasons behind human behavior. However, the opposite appears to be the case for certain actions, especially those related to environmental or ethical actions.In recent decades, universal support for environmental protection measures has grown and, correspond to Barr (2004), there has also been a growing interest in ethical consumption. This has been fuelled by pressure groups, consumer groups, and even businesses (Young et al 2010).Furthermore, increased me dia coverage of environmental disasters and social problems has also resulted in a heightened concern of such issues. This was given a political boost by the publication of the Stern Review on the Economics of humor Change (Stern 2006). Therefore, people are more aware of environmental issues, such as global warming or humor change. It is often reported that many people have a heights concern for environmental issues and ethical consumption, for example, Dunlap (2002) states that 54% of Americans agreed environmental protection was a key priority, even if stinting growth was restricted. Furthermore, Banerjee and Solomon (2003) also argue that the general support for Ecolabels and ethical foods is high among the public.With these studies in mine, it is expected that there would be an increase in pro-environmental behavior, such as recycling, or limiting energy usage (Flynn et al 2010). However, these absolute attitudes have not translated into a large increase these behviours an d ethical consumption is still relatively low (Aguiar et al 2009). olibanum, attitudes are not always a clear prediction of behavior, resulting in the value-action gap. For example, the the market component part for ethical goods is low as according to Young et al (2010) the market share of ethical foods is only 5% of total food sales in the UK. Furthermore, as Dickson (2000) points out, ethical labelling initiatives such as legally logged wood, and fair-trade products, often have market shares of less than 1%. Thus, consumers buying behaviour does not reflect their positive attitudes toward ethical products (De Pelsmacker et al 2006). This means that other factors are more significant that values relating to the environment.Factors that affect behaviorThere are many factors that lead to an individuals behavior, and therefore it is not just personal values that affect behavior. There are many different theories regarding how consumers make decisions. These can be applied to try an d explain why there is a value-action gap for some behaviors.For example, microeconomic theory (consumer, household theory) states that, humans make decisions that maximise their utility (Sammer and Wstenhagen 2006188). Therefore, if buying ethical or environmental products does not maximize their utility then they will not purchase them, regardless of their attitudes towards these issues. Making these decisions requires a comparison of the costs and benefits of alternative actions, rather than about certain values, within their budgetary constraint. This means other factors, such as price or quality, are still more important.Vermeir and Verbeke (2006) suggest that the three main determinants of behavioral intention with relevance to sustainable consumption are values, needs, and motivations breeding and knowledge and behavioral control. They argue that consumers are passive when it comes to supporting environmental improvements within their budget. mien is often based on habit an d therefore values concerning the environment are often not taken into consideration. Therefore, this can account for the low market share of sustainable products (Minteer et al 2004). These theories can explain the gap that appears between attitudes and actions.Application (Further explanation and examples)Even though many support ethical trade in principle, this is often not taken into consideration as a purchase criterion. Cohen and Murphy (2001) argue that for around 40% of consumers the environmental friendliness of a product will never be a factor in purchasing decisions regardless of positive attitudes towards ethical consumption.There are many studies which support the initiation of a value-action gap. Mostly these can be demonstrate within the field of environmental geography. Lane and Potter (2007) found a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior regarding the adoption of cleaner vehicles. They reported that concern for the environmental impact of cars did not result i n behavioral changes at the individual level. Thus, what consumers reported as their mean actions or concerns often did not translate into their actual behavior.Furthermore, Vermeir and Verbeke (2006) also found that positive consumer attitudes towards sustainability were not consistent with their behavioral patterns. They found that attitudes were positive whereas intentions to buy sustainable dairy products were low. They also found that peoples perceptions of the availability of sustainable dairy products was low, which might explain why attitudes were positive yet intentions to buy were low. Additionally, evidence of this gap has been found with organic food as illustrated by Hughner et al (2007) who show that patronage 46-67% of the population expressing favorable attitudes for organic food, the actual purchase behavior is only 4-10% of different product ranges.Three/four main issues/debates described belowInformation gapOne explanation for the discrepancy between attitudes bu ying behaviour is the perceived lack of availability of certain products and lack of information (Dickson 2000). Therefore, because there was a lack of information about environmentally friendly behavior this caused the gap between values and attitudes. Traditional thinking supported the idea that increased knowledge tended to encourage favorable attitudes which, in turn, lead to pro-environmental action. Burgess et al (1998) called this the information famine model.Therefore, increasing knowledge and awareness surrounding environmental and ethical issues should result in behavioral changes. Burgess et al (1998) argue that filling the values-action gap with information would lead result in a change in public behaviors towards the environment. Furthermore, Owens (2000 1142) argues that if people had more information about environmental risks, they would become more virtuous. slightly are that to increase environmental action there needs to be educational marketing campaigns on the ethical and environmental issuesThus, the main motivations for actions are opportunism rather than altruistic. Therefore, to increase environmental action products must aim to change perceptions by using. McEachern and McClean (2002).However, so far no one has been able to confirm the validity of such a model (Kollmuss and Agyeman, 2002). As a result, the decision-making process could be considered as almost unpredictable positive attitudes were not needfully followed by positive intentions. Therefore, attitudes alone are a poor predictor of intentional behavior. As such, there seemed to be many more factors that influenced pro-environmental behavior.Barr and Gilg (2002) argue that just increasing information will not lead to behavior change that would close this gap. Due to the increased media attention surrounding environmental issues, and products such as Fairtrade having a high profile, it could be argued that there is already a lot of information on these issues, and many are aware of the issues. It is genuinely considered that many have a high regard for environmental issues. Sammer and Wstenhagen (2006) point out that while people may be aware of ethical and environmental issues and products that attempts to solve these issues, this does not necessarily mean that it plays a major role in their buying decision.. 99% of respondents in both surveys reported that they had heard the terms global warming and climate change, and most respondents said they knew a fair amount about these terms (Thornton, 2009)Yet, because the market share of these products and level of environmental action is quite low, there is exits a gap between attitudes and behaviors.Therefore, the key issue is why our attitudes often fail to materialize into concrete actions (Barr 2004).Blake (1999) many national policies are based on this idea of an information deficit model of participation. For example, Going for Green (GFG). It is considered the most effective means to overcome the v alue-action gap is by translating environmental concern into pro-environmental behavior. This can be done through increasing information. The core assumption is that the main barrier between environmental concern and action is the lack of appropriate information. The GFG argue that the most effective way to encourage people to act is to give locally relevant information and highlight a few facts. Environmental concern and elementary environmental action (such as recycling), are now becoming widespread throughout the population. However, few people take environmental actions which involve changes to their lifestyle. This may mean that environmental actions people take may be unrelated to the particular concerns that they express about the environment. This environmental value-action gap is clearly of key importance to environmental policy, not least because it is repeated at other scales, involving different actors thus local or national government, business and even international o rganizations have policies whose effectuate fail to match up to the environmental concerns people are expressing. the attitude-behavior relationship is moderated by two primary sets of variables the structure of personal attitudes themselves and external or situational constraints. . Attitudes are likely to be better predictors of behavior if the attitudes in question are strong relative to other ( by chance conflicting) attitudes, and based on direct experience. Situational constraints mainly refer to whether the behavior is in line with the individuals favored social norms, which in turn are influenced by different social, economic, demographic and political contexts. . Research has shown that people do not have a fixed, rational and ready-made set of values that will be activated by particular calls to action rather peoples values are negotiated, transitory and sometimes contradictory.these findings suggest that the value-action gap cannot be overcome simply by using an informat ion deficit model of individual participation, as empowerment of individuals to act does not of itself guarantee action without an appropriate institutional location within which action is located, policy turns from raising environmental awareness to promoting pro-environmental behavior, possibly involving lifestyle change, Blake 1999As Eden (1996) has argued policy still fails to appreciate the huge gulf between information and action, between appreciation as awareness and understanding as the cause of behavior. Policy-makers seem to assume that environmental education, drawing from scientific work, will lead to people making the link between policy and action and acting in order to meet policy objectives, (p. 197)Barriers to behaviorAjzen Fishbein have developed an additional theory of reasoned action and planned behavior. they argue that individual attitudes must include an intention to carry out a specific action that reflects a reasoned evaluation of the likely consequences o f that action. Ajzen, I. Fishbein, M. (1980) Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall).other researchers have pointed out that these intentions are related to more general values, worldviews and beliefs (e.g. Stern et al, This theoretical approach has also been the dominant influence on public and policy research into public attitudes,Different people will interpret and respond to the same environmental information in unpredictable and often exceedingly variable ways, at times producing a quite opposite interpretation to the one expected by those (often in the policy community) who promulgate the information (Myers Macnaghten, 1998).Thus individuals must accept responsibility for the future, but conditions, institutions and their own day-to-day responsibilities constrain their actions (Myers Macnaghten, 1998, p. 346). Myers, G. Macnaghten, P. (1998) Rhetorics of environmental sustainability commonplaces and places, Environment a nd Planning A, 30(2), pp. 333-353.The causes of this gap between attitude and behavior can be explained in terms of personal, social and structural barriers to action. Different barriers often overlap or work in conjunction to limit behavioral change. However, these barriers can be tackled,It is considered that there are numerous barriers of motivations for individual action.microeconomic theory (consumer, household theory), which says that humans make decisions that maximize their utility (Sammer and Wstenhagen 2006188).Furthermore, many people act impulsively and in ways that do not correspond to their declared evaluations and goals (Boulstridge and Carrigan, (2000).Attitudes often derive from social norms.For example, Schwartz (1977, cited in Jackson, 2005) has suggested in his Norm energizingTheory that the intention to perform a proenvironmental or pro-social behaviour is based on the acceptance of personal responsibility for ones actions and an awareness of their consequences. (p166)Blake (1999)- three different categories of obstacles that exist between the sphere of concern and that of action individuality responsibility and practicality. that both psychological and institutional factors affect individual action. Which factors are important in any one case will vary for different individuals, environmental actions, and social or institutional constraints. individual barriers refers to what social psychologists would call personal attitudes or cognitive structure. Environmental concerns are outweighed by other conflicting attitudes. wrong type of person to do certain types of environmental actions, such as campaigning. peoples perceptions of institutions and responsibility. At present, despite general environmental concern, that evaluation is often negative. Even if individual factors would support environmental action, people may still not act because they do not feel that they (as individuals) should take the responsibility for helping to solve enviro nmental problems. practical social or institutional constraints that may prevent people from adopting pro-environmental action, regardless of their attitudes or intentions. These include lack of time, lack of money and lack of physical storage space (in the case of recycling), as well as lack of information, encouragement and pro-environmental facilities such as recycling and adequate public transport provision. Some people may also be physically unable to carry out some environmental actions. Clearly, there will be overlaps between the three sets of obstacles, and the reasons why people do not engage in pro-environmental action will not always fall into such neat categories. classification shows is that at a particular moment, and in a particular place, distinctions can be made between different types of barriers that may prevent individual environmental action, and that policy will need to respond in differentiated ways. policies need to also tackle other individual, social and in stitutional barriers. Not just provide more information or recycling facilities. organizations that are trusted more by the public, such as environmental NGOs, are likely to be most successful.The factors involved in making people willing to reduce environmental damage are essentially different from the factors involved in making people take active steps to reduce damage and to improve the environment.The gap dilemmaMarket-based mechanisms.SolutionsCriticism4 See alsoAttitudes, behavior, cognitive psychology, social psychology, theory of planned behavior

Free Siddhartha Essays: Theme of Unity :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

Theme of Unity in Siddhartha               In Herman Hesses Siddhartha, Unity is a reflecting theme of this impertinent and in life. Unity is the state of being one or a unit harmony, agreement in feelings or ideas or aims, etc. Unity is premier(prenominal) introduced by means of the river and by the mystical word Om. Direct commentary from Siddhartha and the narrator also introduces the theme.               Frequent allusions to the river correspond w/ Siddharthas infinite thoughts of Unity and his sign plans to hand for it. Siddhartha has a number of item goals during the course of this novel, but in no way does this detract from the bare nature of his ultimate goal. The accomplishment of specific goals was an authorized part of the progression approaching his absolute state of Unity.               Siddhartha see things united and so mehow entangled in a seemingly endless and nonmeaningful government note chain of events. Allusions frequently  show Siddharthas conditions by means of clever imagery suggesting circular motion and an immobile state. Siddhartha is first compared to a potters wheel that behind revolves and comes to a stop. From here, Siddhartha meets the elegant and beautiful, Kamala, gets caught off track and entangles himself in a senseless cycle of acquiring and squandering wealth.               In the final chapters, Siddhartha proves that achieving or over-coming obstacles do train to dampen Unity. Prior to reservation a leap forward in reaching his goal, Siddhartha finds himself in despair. He speaks to Vasudeva, the ferryman. The ferryman smiles and says very little, allowing the River to speak for him.  Siddhartha listens as the River reveals its first true, have it away message.           &n bsp  Om. Siddhartha hears.              His wounds heal, losing the chemical bond he had for his son. Siddhartha merges into Unity he attains his ultimate goal.               The River is essential in helping Siddhartha come to an important realization of Unity. He hears the river laugh at him, making him hear that he is acting foolish.Free Siddhartha Essays Theme of Unity Hesse Siddhartha Essays Theme of Unity in Siddhartha               In Herman Hesses Siddhartha, Unity is a reflecting theme of this novel and in life. Unity is the state of being one or a unit harmony, agreement in feelings or ideas or aims, etc. Unity is first introduced by means of the river and by the mystical word Om. Direct commentary from Siddhartha and the narrator also introduces the theme.               F requent allusions to the river correspond w/ Siddharthas infinite thoughts of Unity and his initial plans to strive for it. Siddhartha has a number of specific goals during the course of this novel, but in no way does this detract from the bare nature of his ultimate goal. The accomplishment of specific goals was an important part of the progression approaching his absolute state of Unity.               Siddhartha see things united and somehow entangled in a seemingly endless and meaningless circular chain of events. Allusions frequently  show Siddharthas conditions by means of clever imagery suggesting circular motion and an immobile state. Siddhartha is first compared to a potters wheel that slowly revolves and comes to a stop. From here, Siddhartha meets the elegant and beautiful, Kamala, gets caught off track and entangles himself in a senseless cycle of acquiring and squandering wealth.         &nbs p     In the final chapters, Siddhartha proves that achieving or over-coming obstacles do lead to better Unity. Prior to making a leap forward in reaching his goal, Siddhartha finds himself in despair. He speaks to Vasudeva, the ferryman. The ferryman smiles and says very little, allowing the River to speak for him.  Siddhartha listens as the River reveals its first true, complete message.              Om. Siddhartha hears.              His wounds heal, losing the attachment he had for his son. Siddhartha merges into Unity he attains his ultimate goal.               The River is essential in helping Siddhartha come to an important realization of Unity. He hears the river laugh at him, making him realize that he is acting foolish.

The Problems with Voting in America Essay -- Politics Political Essays

The Problems with Voting in AmericaIf one were to look at the voting history as of late in America you would for sure find information on the Florida catastrophe in 2000. The problem with our voting system today is in the technology being used many demographic groups find our current systems confusing and hard to use. As voters step into the polling places this election year many will be voting through new devices more or less even sporting touch screen technology and we can only hope that the new technology is understood and accepted.In the US each municipality selects their give birth voting equipment regardless of what other places are doing. According to this CPSR article the Vote-O-Matic system has been in place for over ten years in many US counties and while some may view this technology as acceptable the Vote-O-Matic was a major player in the 2000 recount. Many municipalities have the funding to usurp new technology but others either feel uncomfortable with this change or dont have the funding. The problem with the Vote-O-Matic is it uses paper ballots that consist of many...